The synthesis of semaglutide is an extremely complex process because it is a large, chemically modified peptide class (consisting of 31 amino acids). It is not easily done by pure chemical synthesis like small molecule drugs. Its synthesis can relies on a combination of solid-phase peptide synthesis(SPPS) and selective liquid-phase chemical modification. Here's an overview of the key steps of its synthesis route:

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The recombinant production of semaglutide is a "semi-recombinant" process that combines genetic engineering fermentation and chemical modification, and the core is to express intermediate peptides through microorganisms, and then enzymatic digestion, chemical modification and purification to obtain the final product. Here are the key process steps and technical points:

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